This article describes how to find all instances of a file (or files matching a pattern) in a directory tree and then perform an action on them, e.g. deleting them.
There are many ways to skin this particular cat and this is one of them!
The basic find command syntax is:
find dir-name criteria action
dir-name : – Defines the working directory such as look into /tmp/
criteria : Use to select files such as “*.sh”
action : The find action (what-to-do on file) such as delete the file.
To remove multiple files such as *.jpg or *.sh with one command find, use:
The only difference between the above two syntax is that the first command remove directories as well whereas the second command only removes files. Options:
-name "FILE-TO-FIND" : File pattern.
| xargs rm -rf {} \; : Delete all files matched by file pattern.
-type f : Only match files and do not include directory names.
Example:
To delete all the readme.html and readme.txt files in a wordpress installation located in the /var/www directory you could first of all list them to make sure you’re not going to delete something you want to keep:
find /var/www/ -name readme.* | xargs ls -la {} \;
This article describes how to remove the Gnome desktop environment from a Debian install.
Sometimes, unless you run the gauntlet of Expert Install (which is unnecessary if all you want is a general purpose, vanilla machine) then the Gnome desktop will be automatically installed from the installation DVD.
The following commands will remove it (and free up about 1GB disk space!):
This article describes how to clone a live production linux server to a VM on ESX infrastructure although it is the same process to clone to another physical machine.
Prepare the Target Machine
Prepare a new server on ESX debian 32 bit machine, same hdd size etc:
In the past I’ve always used the DSL (Damn Small Linux) distro to boot from but this time I noticed that it didn’t pick up the hard drive on ESX so rather than mess around I tried Puppy Linux – it’s 160 MB compared to DSL’s 50MB but the hassle factor decided it for me and I’m very happy with it 🙂
Here we only have one filesystem to worry about – “/” – so it should be a straightforward exercise.
Make a single partition on our new VM (no swap partition on original – might need to address this)
Commands:
# fdisk /dev/sda (may be different to sda in your case, check your dmesg output)
Then “n” to add a new partition and accept the defaults for the start and finish – these will be the whole device. When done, enter “w” to write the partition to disk.
We also need to make it bootable so back into fdisk. “p” will print the partition table and here we can see /dev/sda1. Enter “a” to make a partition bootable and then the partition number; in this case we only have one partition butbasically you make the partition that contains “/boot” bootable. Again, enter “w” to write the partition to disk:
Format our partition using the same filesystem as our source machine – ext4 in this case:
Make a mount directory (remember we’re still in puppy linux in memory) and mount the hard drive partition(s) to it. Then create our other parts of the filesystem – dev, sys, proc and tmp:
Copy the Live System to the Target Machine
Make sure VM has connectivity to live source machine and perform the rysnc:
Once it’s done, say a quick prayer and reboot, hopefully job done!
** If, however, you run into errors (like the “/dev/sda does not have any corresponding BIOS drive” error) and you don’t have enough time or experience with grub configuration, my advice would be to download the most illustrious Boot Repair Disk and allow it to install / reconfigure your grub.
And then it really is job done 🙂
Cleaning Up!
Keyboard Map
For some reason, the keyboard map had changed, meaning that I my root password appeared to be wrong. Once I got logged in, a quick keyboard mapping sorted it out – easily done using the following command:
dpkg-reconfigure console-data
NIC Configuration
Your new machine will also have the same network configuration as your live one and will most likely need reconfigured – see the debian wiki for step-by-step instructions on how to achieve what you need. The main config file is /etc/network/interfaces.
/tmp Permissions
Make sure your /tmp directory has correct permissions set; you may not notice this until a daemon fails e.g. mysqld because it can’t write to the directory
